This course explores the intersection of optimization, economics, and artificial intelligence in the design and analysis of markets and resource allocation mechanisms. Topics include matching and assignment markets, market equilibrium and computation, and dynamic resource allocation and learning. Applications span healthcare, labor markets, transportation, electricity, and other societal systems. Emphasis is placed on computational methods, strategic incentives, efficiency, fairness, and the interaction between algorithms and human behavior. The course includes a substantive project that allows students to apply theoretical and computational tools to conduct original research or develop practical digital tools addressing real-world challenges in market design and societal systems.